Star Plot

http://addictedtor.free.fr/graphiques/graphiques/graph_63.png

A star plot is a graph displaying the data of two or more variables. Each star represents a single observation. Normally, star plots are shown with many graphs on a page. They are used to study the relative values for a single data point, and to locate similar points or dissimilar points.

Correlation Matrix

http://www.kltprc.net/policynotes/Gifs/Tab_005A_4.gif

A correlation matrix is a matrix linking relationships between two or more variables. Where there is a positive correlation between the variables, an increase or decrease in one is matched by the same in the other. A negative correlation shows one variable increase while the other decreases.

Similarity Matrix

http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/figures/1471-2164-8-353-5-l.jpg

A similarity matrix is a matrix of scores which show the similarity between two variables.

Stem and Leaf Plot

http://math.albany.edu/~reinhold/m308/Assgnmt1_HowTo_files/lectu0textbox17.gif

A stem and leaf plot is a visual map used for showing quantitative data in a graph. Stem and leaf plots are easy to use in that the data is kept in order, and can be instantly looked at to retain the information desired.

Box plot

http://math.youngzones.org/boxplot.gif

A box plot is a way of graphically depicting groups of numerical data. Box plots can be useful to display differences between populations (for example) without making any assumptions of the underlying data.

Histogram

http://www.daisy2000.com/Daisy2003/HorizontalHistogram.gif

A histogram is a graph which uses bars to show the frequency of certain classes of values within a data set. A class can be anything from population totals to rainfall amounts, The widths of the rectangles should be proportional to the class intervals just as the heights are proportional to the frequencies within each class.

Parallel Coordinate Graph

http://raffy.ch/blog/parallel.jpg

Parallel coordinate graphs are used to show many sets of data. Each line is a different variable and has its own set of numbers and data.

Triangular Plot

http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/300b-001/tizr3y.gif

A triangular plot is a plot of three variables which total to a constant. It graphically shows the ratios of the three variables as positions in a triangle.

Windrose

http://www.crh.noaa.gov/images/sgf/climate/windrose/windrose_sgf_jan.png

A wind rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to view how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. The length of each line of data is from the frequency that the wind blows from a direction for an amount of time.

Climograph

http://www2.volstate.edu/kbell/BrazilClim.jpg

A graph of monthly average temperature plotted against average humidity. The monthly points are joined by a line. The shape and location of line drawn indicates the nature of climate in terms of heat and humidity.

Population Profile

http://www.rand.org/publications/randreview/issues/summer2004/images/p19.gif

Population profiles or pyramids are a useful tool for the visual display of the changing composition of any nation's population -- with changes reflecting immigration, wars, recessions/depressions, and events of increased illness. This particular graph is of Iraq's population.

Scatterplot

http://cia.psyc.memphis.edu/rad/7302/scatterplot.gif

A visual way of representing data. These plots are normally used to see relationships between two or more sets of data.

Index Value Plot

http://water.usgs.gov/waterwatch/regplots/pa07d/pa07d_us_2.gif

The index value plot is another type of visualization map. The index value plot displays statistical information through visual means.

Lorenz Curve

http://www.frdp-maldives.gov.mv/hies/images/Lorenz_curve.jpg

A curve showing the distribution of a dependent variable against an independent variable. If the distribution of the dependent variable is equal, the plot will show as a straight line. If the distributions are unequal the graph will yield a curve.

Bilateral Graph

http://www.rowperfect.com.au/graph3.gif

Bilateral Graphs show increases on one side of a zero line and a decreases on the other side. These types of graphs are used to display data when there is both positive and negative values.

Nominal Area Choropleth Map

http://www.denvergov.org/Portals/335/images/SOPA_agg02.jpg

In a nominal area choropleth map, there are no groupings or order. This map just simply states if there was or was not a change in the aggravated assaults in the mapped area.

Unstandardized Choropleth Map

http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3051/images/2000choropleth.gif

The data in an unstandardized choropleth map is not aerially averaged.

Standardized Choropleth Map

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/USA_states_population_density_map.PNG/800px-USA_states_population_density_map.PNG

A standardized choropleth map shows aerial data, and is aerial averaged. The aerial divisions are in the form of boundaries such as cities, counties, and states.

Univariate Choropleth Maps

http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/images/07_0091_02.gif

Univariate choropleth maps show a single variable on a map. This particular data is showing the percentage of individuals living in poverty by county.

Bivariate Choropleth Maps

http://www.geog.le.ac.uk/russianheartland/DemographicMaps/images/PopulationMaps/RaionMaps/7RaionPopDenPerCh8902.jpg

A bivariate choropleth map displays two variables on a map by combining two different sets of symbols or colors. It is a variation of simple choropleth map that portrays two separate sets of data at the same time. The idea of this particular type of map is to simplify the realtionship between two variables.

Unclassed Choropleth Map

http://www.princeton.edu/~rvdb/JAVA/election2004/purple_america_2004_small.gif

In a conventional unclassed choropleth map, a continuous area of shading or coloring is used. An interesting feature of an unclassed map is that each value has a unique shading or coloring. This characteristic requires just as many unique values or data in the map.

Classed Choropleth Map

http://personal.uncc.edu/lagaro/2101/2101_ProjectsS2001/beefmethaneJMK.gif

A Classed Choropleth Map is a map showing the distribution of a phenomenon, usually using various colors; color gradations are correlated to the density per unit area of the phenomenon.

Range Graded Proportional Circle Map

http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-004-03/

Range graded proportional circle maps use evenly graded circles to show their data. The dots are larger on the more heavily populated cities in the area.

Continuously Variable Proportional Circle Map

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/europe/west_germany_ind_1972.jpg

A continuously variable proportional circle map is a map that uses circles to create point data. The circles ratios are in proportion to the variable being measured.

DOQQ

http://www.mapmart.com/images/Samples/bw_den_zoo.jpg

A DOQQ is a digitized image of an aerial photograph, corrected for displacements caused by camera angle and relief. Orthophotos combine the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map.

DEM

http://satftp.soest.hawaii.edu/space/hawaii/images/bigisle/kilauea.dem.topsar.432x400.jpg

A DEM (digital elevation model) is a digital map of the elevation of an area on the earth. The data is either collected by a private party or purchased from an organization such as the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) that has already explored the area.

DLG

http://edc.usgs.gov/images/dlg.gif

A Digital Line Graph (DLG) is digital vector data representing cartographic information. DLGs contain a wide variety of information depicting geographic features (for example --boundaries and roads).

DRG

http://wvgis.wvu.edu/graphics/browsegraphics/DRG_SE.jpg

A digital raster graphic is a scanned image of a topographic map.

Remote Sensing (KML)

http://www.climateaudit.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/gearth_usnightlights600.jpg

Remote sensing is used to identify, observe, and measure an object without coming in direct contact with it. This involves measuring wavelengths of radiation reflected or emitted from these objects. This image shows the levels of light pollution across the United States. The brightest areas on the image are the most urbanized, but not necessarily the most populated.

Isopleths

http://vortex.accuweather.com/adc2004/pub/includes/columns/andrews/2006/174.gif

An isopleth is a feature of meteorological charts, connecting points which have an equal value of some variable at a given time. The variables include air pressure, temperature, wind speed, rainfall totals, etc. Some types are isobars, isohyets, isotherms, and isotachs. They are not always used for meteorological purposes.

Isopach

http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/files/OGL98135.gif

Isopachs are on a map showing thickness variation. This type of map is commonly used in geological exploration for oil and for underground structural analysis.

Isohyets

http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/courses/306/precip.GIF

An isohyet is a line drawn on a map connecting points that receive equal amounts of rainfall. This is a map of the rainfall amounts in Africa.

Isotachs

http://weather.cod.edu/help/700tach.gif

An isotach is a line on a given surface connecting points with equal wind speed. This map shows the wind speeds in the Southeastern portion of the United States.

Isobars

http://www.newmediastudio.org/DataDiscovery/Hurr_ED_Center/Hurr_Structure_Energetics/Closed_Isobars/Closed_Isobars_fig02.jpg

An isobar is a line on a weather map connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure. By reading the isobars it is possible to obtain knowledge of any cyclones, anticyclones or depressions that may be present or forming.

LIDAR

http://www.interactions.org/sgtw/2006/0719/images/lidar_1000.jpg

LIDAR is a method of detecting distant objects, such as buildings, clouds, and topography, and determining their position, velocity, or other characteristics by pulsed laser light reflected from their surfaces. This is used by NASA, NOAA, The United States Military, etc.

Doppler Radar

http://img511.imageshack.us/img511/1015/74941333en5to4.png

Doppler Radar is a type of radar that uses the Doppler effect to measure velocity. Doppler Radar is not only used for weather forecasting purposes. It is also used to determine the velocity for such purposes as navigation and traffic control, bombing and fire control, and aerial mapping.

Black and White Aerial Photo

http://grunt.space.swri.edu/visit/maps/tsn2.jpg

Aerial photography uses two technologies, aviation and photography. This type of photography has been used to assist a wide range of job fields -- in the sciences, the military, and the arts. Black and white aerial photography was one of the first forms of aerial photography.

Infrared Aerial Photo

http://ecosystems.mbl.edu/pie/data/MAP/irparker.jpg

This is an infrared aerial photo of the mouth of the Parker River and Northern Plum Island Sound, Newbury, Massachusetts. Infrared aerial photography provides a record of variations in temperature of a scene. These variations are usually due to physical changes in the area photographed.

Cartographic Animation

http://maps.unomaha.edu/mp/Articles/GISLIS/gi94078i04.jpeg

Cartographic animation is a form of dynamic visualization that can be used to depict the re-enactment of complex phenomena. (ESRI). The animation is a way of depicting change over time. Examples include from changes in per capita income or population density to total number of internet users. Cartographic animations are useful for depicting the deformation caused by a map projection.

Statistical Map

http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/map01.gif

A statistical map is a map in which the quantity of the information provided is presented. This map shows the percent change in population for the United States (including the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico)

Cartogram

http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/m.dodge/cybergeography/atlas/internet_users_cartogram_large.png

A cartogram is a representation of statistical data in geographical distribution on a map. It is also a map where area is not preserved. This cartogram represents the size of the country based on the number of it's Internet users.

Flow Map

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/texas/combtrk_tx_1998.jpg

Flow maps are used to show the movement of an object from one location to another. This type of map has the advantage of relaying information to the viewer with reduced clutter. This flow map shows the truck freight flow from the state of Texas, both domestically and internationally.

Isoline Map

http://www.windows.ucar.edu/kids_space/images/isolines.gif

An isoline is any line on a map joining places where equal values are recorded. An isoline map uses these isolines to give a 2 dimensional interpretation of a 3 dimensional model. This is a weather map grouping areas with the same information together.

Proportional Circle Map

http://www.neiu.edu/~ambarda/proportional_circle.jpg

Proportional circle maps display data in relation to the size of the circles. This map shows the Filipino population in the Southern portion of the United States.

Choropleth Map

http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/how/newproducts/images/kpn_map.jpg

A choropleth map shows distribution patterns, usually using various colors. This map of Australia shows climatological variations of the continent.

Dot Distribution Map

http://operationmilitarykids.ohio4h.org/resources/images/dotMap.gif

A dot distribution map shows the presence of a feature by using a dot and displays a spatial pattern. The dot distribution map shows the location of Army and Air National Guard and Army Reserve service members in Ohio.

Propaganda Map

http://i217.photobucket.com/albums/cc272/full_images/Map-global-jihad.jpg

Propaganda is the spreading of particular ideas, opinions, information, etc. according to an organized plan. Maps are used as forms of propaganda, particularly during times of war, to show how a country perceives another, and to possibly persuade others one way or the other. This particular map is showing Islamic and Muslim attacks, wars, and problems in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Hypsometric Map

http://www.personal.psu.edu/cab38/GEOG321/14_multivariate02/las_Bayas_Argentina_shaded_elev.jpg

A hypsometric map depicts the configuration of the earth’s surface and topographical features by means of contours, lines, shading, and/or colors. This is a hypsometric map of an area in Argentina.

PLSS Map

http://www.kitsapgov.com/GIS/maplibrary/parcels/plss_reference_l.png

The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is a method used in the United States to survey and identify land parcels, particularly for titles and deeds of rural and undeveloped land.

Cadastral Map

http://www.bruceharris.com/images/gis-cadastral.jpg

A cadastral map is a map for recording ownership of property. They describes boundaries and ownership of certain plots of land.